Short answer
No. A person may keep their name unless it has a meaning that contradicts Islam, such as a name that means 'slave of an idol'. Many new Muslims keep their name and others choose an Islamic name as a fresh start.
The fuller answer
The Prophet ﷺ kept names with good meanings, and only changed those with bad meanings. Muslims across the world have names from many languages. A Muslim man called Michael or a woman called Sarah is not less a Muslim.
Some converts like to take an Arabic name since it connects them to the wider community, and some change legally while others use it only among Muslims. It is a personal choice. What matters in Islam is faith and conduct and not a name.
This answer follows the mainstream Sunni understanding and is general learning, not a fatwa. Where Muslims differ, the answer says so. Have a question of your own? Write to us.