7 children11 sources
Mother: Khadijah bint Khuwaylid
Al-Qasim was the first child born to Khadijah, in Makkah, before the revelation, and the Prophet ﷺ was known as Abu al-Qasim after him. He died in early childhood, at about two years of age according to most reports; the sirah books differ on whether this was before or after the first revelation.
Mother: Khadijah bint Khuwaylid
Zaynab, the eldest daughter according to most scholars, married Abu al-As ibn al-Rabi'. When she emigrated to Madinah he stayed behind, and the Prophet ﷺ returned her to him on the basis of their first marriage, after six years in one report, two in another (Sunan Abi Dawud 2240; Jami at-Tirmidhi 1143). He praised him: 'He spoke to me and was truthful, and promised me and kept his promise' (Sahih al-Bukhari 3729). She died in 8 AH.
Mother: Khadijah bint Khuwaylid
Ruqayyah married Uthman ibn Affan, and the sirah books record that they emigrated together to Abyssinia and later to Madinah. A narration in Sahih al-Bukhari says that Uthman missed Badr because his wife, a daughter of the Prophet ﷺ, was ill, and the Prophet ﷺ told him he would have the reward and the share of one who attended Badr (Sahih al-Bukhari 3130). The sirah books identify her as Ruqayyah, who died in 2 AH.
Mother: Khadijah bint Khuwaylid
After Ruqayyah died, Uthman married her sister Umm Kulthum in about 3 AH, which is why he is known as Dhu al-Nurayn, 'the possessor of two lights'. She died in 9 AH. Anas reported attending the burial of a daughter of the Prophet ﷺ, who sat by the grave with his eyes shedding tears (Sahih al-Bukhari 1285); many scholars identify her as Umm Kulthum.
Mother: Khadijah bint Khuwaylid
Fatimah az-Zahra, the youngest of his daughters according to most scholars, married Ali ibn Abi Talib and was the mother of al-Hasan and al-Husayn. The Prophet ﷺ said: 'Fatimah is a part of me; whoever angers her angers me' (Sahih al-Bukhari 3714). In his last illness he told her that she would be the first of his family to join him (Sahih al-Bukhari 3623). She lived six months after him, and Ali buried her (Sahih al-Bukhari 4240).
Mother: Khadijah bint Khuwaylid
Abdullah was born to Khadijah after the revelation began and died in infancy, according to the sirah books. He is known by the titles al-Tayyib and al-Tahir. Most scholars hold that these two titles belong to one son, while some count them as two sons. Like al-Qasim, he died in Makkah, and his death was one of the early losses the Prophet ﷺ bore with patience.
Mother: Mariyah al-Qibtiyyah
Ibrahim was born in 8 AH to Mariyah al-Qibtiyyah, the only one of the Prophet's children not born to Khadijah. As he lay dying, the Prophet's eyes shed tears and he said: 'The eye weeps and the heart grieves, and we say only what pleases our Lord. O Ibrahim, we are grieved at your parting' (Sahih al-Bukhari 1303). The sun eclipsed the day he died, and the Prophet ﷺ taught that no eclipse is for anyone's death (Sahih al-Bukhari 1060).
Last reviewed 6 October 2026
Seven: three sons, al-Qasim, Abdullah and Ibrahim, and four daughters, Zaynab, Ruqayyah, Umm Kulthum and Fatimah رضي الله عنهم. All were born to Khadijah رضي الله عنها except Ibrahim, whose mother was Maria al-Qibtiyyah. His three sons died young, in his lifetime; the Prophet ﷺ wept at the death of Ibrahim (Sahih al-Bukhari 1303).
Only Fatimah رضي الله عنها. In his last illness he told her she would be the first of his family to follow him (Sahih al-Bukhari 3623), and she died about six months after him (Sahih al-Bukhari 4240). All his other children died in his lifetime.
They were his grandsons, the sons of his daughter Fatimah and Ali رضي الله عنهم. He called them his sons out of affection, saying of al-Hasan: “This son of mine is a leader” (Sahih al-Bukhari 3629). They are not counted among his seven children.
No. He was the Prophet's freed slave and adopted son before Islam, and was called Zayd ibn Muhammad until Allah commanded that children be named after their real fathers (Quran 33:5). Allah also said: “Muhammad is not the father of any of your men” (Quran 33:40). So neither Zayd nor his son Usamah is counted among his children.
