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Marriage and family

Divorce and khul'

The ruling in short

Allah says: divorce is twice, then either keep her with kindness or release her with good treatment (2:229). Divorce is allowed but disliked, and a last resort. It should be given once, in a state of purity, without intercourse in that period, and then the waiting period (iddah) follows (65:1). A woman may also seek a khul', as the wife of Thabit ibn Qays did in the time of the Prophet ﷺ.

1The way of the Sunnah

  • A single divorce in a period of purity, without intercourse, then waiting until the end of the iddah.
  • During the iddah the husband may take her back, and the wife stays in the home (65:1).
  • After the iddah ends the divorce is final, and they can marry again by a new contract.
  • A third divorce makes her unlawful for him until she marries another man in a real marriage (2:230).

2The waiting period (iddah)

  • Three periods for a woman who still has her cycle (2:228).
  • Three months for those who no longer menstruate or have not yet begun (65:4).
  • Until delivery for a pregnant woman.
  • Four months and ten days for a widow (2:234).

3Khul'

  • When the wife dislikes the marriage and fears she cannot fulfil her duties, she may return what she was given and the marriage is ended.
  • The Prophet ﷺ told Thabit ibn Qays to accept the garden and divorce her. It ends the marriage with one divorce.

Where the schools differ

The four Sunni schools agree on the main ruling above and differ in these points. No school is preferred here.

  • Three divorces in one word. the majority of the schools count them as three, and some scholars (like Ibn Taymiyyah) hold it counts as one. Ask a scholar.
  • Khul'. the Hanafi, Maliki and Shafi'i schools count it as a final divorce. The Hanbali school, in the well-known narration, treats it as an annulment (faskh) and not a divorce, with a waiting period of one cycle.
Note

Divorce has important legal effects. Ask a qualified scholar and follow the law of your country for the legal side.

The evidence

From the Quran

ٱلطَّلَٰقُ مَرَّتَانِ ۖ فَإِمْسَاكٌۢ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌۢ بِإِحْسَٰنٍۢ ۗ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَن تَأْخُذُوا۟ مِمَّآ ءَاتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ شَيْـًٔا إِلَّآ أَن يَخَافَآ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِ ۖ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيمَا ٱفْتَدَتْ بِهِۦ ۗ تِلْكَ حُدُودُ ٱللَّهِ فَلَا تَعْتَدُوهَا ۚ وَمَن يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِ فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ ﴿٢٢٩﴾

اين طلاق دو بار است و از آن پس يا به نيكو وجهى نگه داشتن اوست يا به نيكو وجهى رهاساختنش. و حلال نيست كه از آنچه به زنان داده‌ايد چيزى بازستانيد مگر آنكه بدانند كه حدود خدا را رعايت نمى كنند. اما هرگاه دانستيد كه آن دو حدود خدا را رعايت نمى‌كنند اگر آن، خود را از شوى باز خرد، گناهى بر آن دو نيست. اينها حدود خدا است. از آن تجاوز مكنيد كه ستمكاران از حدود خدا تجاوز مى كنند.

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِىُّ إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ ٱلنِّسَآءَ فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ لِعِدَّتِهِنَّ وَأَحْصُوا۟ ٱلْعِدَّةَ ۖ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ رَبَّكُمْ ۖ لَا تُخْرِجُوهُنَّ مِنۢ بُيُوتِهِنَّ وَلَا يَخْرُجْنَ إِلَّآ أَن يَأْتِينَ بِفَٰحِشَةٍۢ مُّبَيِّنَةٍۢ ۚ وَتِلْكَ حُدُودُ ٱللَّهِ ۚ وَمَن يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِ فَقَدْ ظَلَمَ نَفْسَهُۥ ۚ لَا تَدْرِى لَعَلَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحْدِثُ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ أَمْرًۭا ﴿١﴾

اى پيامبر، اگر زنان را طلاق مى‌دهيد به وقت عده طلاقشان دهيد. و شمار عده را نگه داريد. و از خداى يكتا پروردگارتان بترسيد. و آنان را از خانه‌هايشان بيرون مكنيد. و از خانه بيرون نروند مگر آنكه به آشكارا مرتكب كارى زشت شوند. اينها احكام خداوند است، و هر كه از آن تجاوز كند به خود ستم كرده است. تو چه دانى، شايد خدا از اين پس امرى تازه پديد آورد.

وَٱلْمُطَلَّقَٰتُ يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَٰثَةَ قُرُوٓءٍۢ ۚ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَن يَكْتُمْنَ مَا خَلَقَ ٱللَّهُ فِىٓ أَرْحَامِهِنَّ إِن كُنَّ يُؤْمِنَّ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلْيَوْمِ ٱلْءَاخِرِ ۚ وَبُعُولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ إِنْ أَرَادُوٓا۟ إِصْلَٰحًۭا ۚ وَلَهُنَّ مِثْلُ ٱلَّذِى عَلَيْهِنَّ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ ۚ وَلِلرِّجَالِ عَلَيْهِنَّ دَرَجَةٌۭ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ ﴿٢٢٨﴾

بايد كه زنان مطلقه تا سه بار پاك شدن از شوهر كردن بازايستند. و اگر به خدا و روز قيامت ايمان دارند، روا نيست كه آنچه را كه خدا در رحم آنان آفريده است پنهان دارند. و در آن ايام اگر شوهرانشان قصد اصلاح داشته باشند به باز گرداندنشان سزاوارترند. و براى آنان حقوقى شايسته است همانند وظيفه‌اى كه بر عهده آنهاست ولى مردان را بر زنان مرتبتى است. و خدا پيروزمند و حكيم است.

From the Sunnah

Sahih al-Bukhari 5273 Authentic collection

The point of the hadith: The wife of Thabit ibn Qays came to the Prophet ﷺ because she disliked staying married. He had her return the garden she was given, and told Thabit to accept it and divorce her.

Read the Arabic text

حَدَّثَنَا أَزْهَرُ بْنُ جَمِيلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدٌ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،‏.‏ أَنَّ امْرَأَةَ، ثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ أَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ثَابِتُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ مَا أَعْتُبُ عَلَيْهِ فِي خُلُقٍ وَلاَ دِينٍ، وَلَكِنِّي أَكْرَهُ الْكُفْرَ فِي الإِسْلاَمِ‏.‏ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏ أَتَرُدِّينَ عَلَيْهِ حَدِيقَتَهُ ‏"‏‏.‏ قَالَتْ نَعَمْ‏.‏ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏ اقْبَلِ الْحَدِيقَةَ وَطَلِّقْهَا تَطْلِيقَةً ‏"‏‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْد اللَّهِ لَا يُتَابَعُ فِيهِ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ

Read it on sunnah.com

This is general information, not a fatwa. For your own situation, ask a qualified scholar.

Fiqh questions

Divorce and khul'

Allah says: divorce is twice, then either keep her with kindness or release her with good treatment (2:229). Divorce is allowed but disliked, and a last resort. It should be given once, in a state of purity, without intercourse in that period, and then the waiting period (iddah) follows (65:1). A woman may also seek a khul', as the wife of Thabit ibn Qays did in the time of the Prophet ﷺ.

Is this a fatwa?

No. It is a summary of well-known rulings with their evidence. For your own case, ask a qualified scholar.

What if my school differs from this answer?

Follow the view of the school you follow and the scholar who teaches you. The page lists the differences of the four schools.

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