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Prayer (Salah)

Prayer in illness

The ruling in short

The Prophet ﷺ told Imran ibn Husayn, who had piles: pray standing; if you cannot, sitting; and if you cannot, on your side. Allah has not placed any hardship on you in the religion (22:78) and does not burden a soul beyond its capacity (2:286).

1The steps of ease

  • Pray standing if able, even by leaning on a wall or a stick.
  • If standing is not possible or harms him, pray sitting, and bow and prostrate as he can.
  • If sitting is not possible, pray on the side, facing the Qibla. If that is not possible, on the back with the feet toward the Qibla.
  • If bowing and prostrating are not possible, nod with the head, with the prostration lower than the bowing.
  • If even a nod is not possible, make the movements in the mind. The prayer is not dropped as long as the person is conscious.

2Combining and purification

  • A sick person who finds that wudu is hard on him may use tayammum.
  • A sick person who finds it hard to pray each prayer on time may combine Dhuhr with Asr and Maghrib with Isha, according to the Hanbali and Maliki schools.

Where the schools differ

The four Sunni schools agree on the main ruling above and differ in these points. No school is preferred here.

  • Standing is dropped when it causes real harm or severe pain, or would delay recovery. The schools agree on this. Praying sitting out of laziness, when able to stand, is not valid.

The evidence

From the Quran

لَا يُكَلِّفُ ٱللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا ۚ لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا مَا ٱكْتَسَبَتْ ۗ رَبَّنَا لَا تُؤَاخِذْنَآ إِن نَّسِينَآ أَوْ أَخْطَأْنَا ۚ رَبَّنَا وَلَا تَحْمِلْ عَلَيْنَآ إِصْرًۭا كَمَا حَمَلْتَهُۥ عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِنَا ۚ رَبَّنَا وَلَا تُحَمِّلْنَا مَا لَا طَاقَةَ لَنَا بِهِۦ ۖ وَٱعْفُ عَنَّا وَٱغْفِرْ لَنَا وَٱرْحَمْنَآ ۚ أَنتَ مَوْلَىٰنَا فَٱنصُرْنَا عَلَى ٱلْقَوْمِ ٱلْكَٰفِرِينَ ﴿٢٨٦﴾

Allah ba Ya kallafa wa rai fãce ikon yinsa, yana da lãdar abin da ya tsirfanta, kuma a kansa akwai zunubin abin da ya yi ta aikatãwa: "Yã Ubangijinmu! Kada Ka kãmã mu, idan mun yi mantuwa, ko kuma mun yi kuskure. Yã Ubangijinmu! Kuma kada Ka aza nauyi a kanmu, kamar yadda Ka aza shi a kan waɗanda suke a gabãninmu. Yã Ubangijinmu! Kada Ka sanya mu ɗaukar abin da bãbu ĩko gare mu da shi. Kuma Ka yãfe daga gare mu, kuma Ka gãfarta mana, kuma Ka yi jin ƙai gare mu. Kai ne Majibincinmu, sabõda haka Ka taimake mu a kan mutãnen nan kãfirai."

وَجَٰهِدُوا۟ فِى ٱللَّهِ حَقَّ جِهَادِهِۦ ۚ هُوَ ٱجْتَبَىٰكُمْ وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِى ٱلدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍۢ ۚ مِّلَّةَ أَبِيكُمْ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ ۚ هُوَ سَمَّىٰكُمُ ٱلْمُسْلِمِينَ مِن قَبْلُ وَفِى هَٰذَا لِيَكُونَ ٱلرَّسُولُ شَهِيدًا عَلَيْكُمْ وَتَكُونُوا۟ شُهَدَآءَ عَلَى ٱلنَّاسِ ۚ فَأَقِيمُوا۟ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتُوا۟ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَٱعْتَصِمُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ هُوَ مَوْلَىٰكُمْ ۖ فَنِعْمَ ٱلْمَوْلَىٰ وَنِعْمَ ٱلنَّصِيرُ ﴿٧٨﴾

Kuma ku yi jihãdi a cikin (al'amarin) Allah, hakkin JihãdinSa. shĩ ne Ya zãɓe ku alhãli kuwa bai sanya wani ƙunci ba a kanku a cikin addĩni. Bisa ƙudurcẽwar ubanku Ibrãhĩm, shĩ ne ya yi muku sũna Musulmi daga gabãnin haka. Kuma a cikin wannan (Littãfi ya yi muku sũna Musulmi), dõmin Manzo ya kasance mai shaida a kanku, kũ kuma ku kasancemãsu shaida a kan mutãne. Sabõda haka ku tsayar da salla kuma ku bãyar da zakka kuma ku amince da Allah, Shi ne Majiɓincinku. Sãbõda haka mãdalla da Shi Ya zama Majiɓinci, mãdalla da Shi ya zama Mai taimako.

From the Sunnah

Sahih al-Bukhari 1117 Authentic collection

The point of the hadith: Pray standing, and if you cannot, sitting, and if you cannot, on your side.

Read the Arabic text

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ طَهْمَانَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي الْحُسَيْنُ الْمُكْتِبُ، عَنِ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ كَانَتْ بِي بَوَاسِيرُ فَسَأَلْتُ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَنِ الصَّلاَةِ فَقَالَ ‏ "‏ صَلِّ قَائِمًا، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَسْتَطِعْ فَقَاعِدًا، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَسْتَطِعْ فَعَلَى جَنْبٍ ‏"‏‏.‏

Read it on sunnah.com

This is general information, not a fatwa. For your own situation, ask a qualified scholar.

Fiqh questions

Prayer in illness

The Prophet ﷺ told Imran ibn Husayn, who had piles: pray standing; if you cannot, sitting; and if you cannot, on your side. Allah has not placed any hardship on you in the religion (22:78) and does not burden a soul beyond its capacity (2:286).

Is this a fatwa?

No. It is a summary of well-known rulings with their evidence. For your own case, ask a qualified scholar.

What if my school differs from this answer?

Follow the view of the school you follow and the scholar who teaches you. The page lists the differences of the four schools.

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