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Hajj and Umrah

The rites of Hajj in outline

The ruling in short

The Prophet ﷺ said: take your rites from me. The main rites are ihram, being at Arafah on the 9th of Dhul-Hijjah, the tawaf of the Kaaba (tawaf al-ifadah) and the sa'i between Safa and Marwa. The Prophet ﷺ said: Hajj is Arafah.

1The order of the rites (Hajj Tamattu')

  • Ihram at the miqat with the intention for Umrah, then tawaf and sa'i for Umrah, and shorten or shave the hair, and exit ihram.
  • On the 8th, ihram again for Hajj and go to Mina.
  • The 9th: stand at Arafah from noon until sunset. This is the pillar of Hajj. Then go to Muzdalifah, pray Maghrib and Isha combined and spend the night there.
  • The 10th (Eid): stone Jamrat al-Aqabah, sacrifice, shave or shorten the hair, then tawaf al-ifadah and sa'i.
  • The 11th to 13th: stay in Mina and stone the three jamarat after noon each day. Leave after the 12th if in a hurry, or stay until the 13th.
  • The farewell tawaf before leaving Makkah.

2The pillars and the obligations

  • The pillars (without which Hajj is invalid): ihram, standing at Arafah, tawaf al-ifadah and the sa'i (in most schools).
  • Other obligations: ihram from the miqat, staying at Muzdalifah and Mina, stoning the jamarat, shaving or shortening, and the farewell tawaf. Missing one of these requires a sacrifice (dam).
  • Things forbidden in ihram include cutting the hair and nails, perfume, covering the head (men), sewn clothes (men), hunting, intercourse and marriage.

Where the schools differ

The four Sunni schools agree on the main ruling above and differ in these points. No school is preferred here.

  • The sa'i is a pillar of Hajj in the Shafi'i, Maliki and Hanbali schools (in the well-known view). In the Hanafi school it is an obligation (wajib), and missing it requires a sacrifice.
  • Three forms of Hajj. Tamattu' (Umrah first, then Hajj), Qiran (both together) and Ifrad (Hajj only). The Hanbali school prefers tamattu', the Hanafi school prefers qiran, and the Shafi'i and Maliki schools prefer ifrad.
Note

Hajj has many details. Learn them with a guide from your Hajj group, or from a trusted scholar, before you leave.

The evidence

From the Quran

ٱلْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌۭ مَّعْلُومَٰتٌۭ ۚ فَمَن فَرَضَ فِيهِنَّ ٱلْحَجَّ فَلَا رَفَثَ وَلَا فُسُوقَ وَلَا جِدَالَ فِى ٱلْحَجِّ ۗ وَمَا تَفْعَلُوا۟ مِنْ خَيْرٍۢ يَعْلَمْهُ ٱللَّهُ ۗ وَتَزَوَّدُوا۟ فَإِنَّ خَيْرَ ٱلزَّادِ ٱلتَّقْوَىٰ ۚ وَٱتَّقُونِ يَٰٓأُو۟لِى ٱلْأَلْبَٰبِ ﴿١٩٧﴾

朝觐的月份,是几个可知的月份。凡在这几个月内决计朝觐的人,在朝觐中当戒除淫辞、恶言和争辩。凡你们所行的善功,真主都是知道的。你们当以敬畏做旅费,因为最好的旅费是敬畏。有理智的人啊!你们当敬畏我。

لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَن تَبْتَغُوا۟ فَضْلًۭا مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ ۚ فَإِذَآ أَفَضْتُم مِّنْ عَرَفَٰتٍۢ فَٱذْكُرُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ عِندَ ٱلْمَشْعَرِ ٱلْحَرَامِ ۖ وَٱذْكُرُوهُ كَمَا هَدَىٰكُمْ وَإِن كُنتُم مِّن قَبْلِهِۦ لَمِنَ ٱلضَّآلِّينَ ﴿١٩٨﴾

寻求主的恩惠,对於你们是无罪的。你们从阿赖法特结队而行的时候,当在禁寺附近记念真主,你们当记念他,因为他曾教导你们,从前你们确是迷误的。

ثُمَّ لْيَقْضُوا۟ تَفَثَهُمْ وَلْيُوفُوا۟ نُذُورَهُمْ وَلْيَطَّوَّفُوا۟ بِٱلْبَيْتِ ٱلْعَتِيقِ ﴿٢٩﴾

然后叫他们涤除他们的污垢,叫他们履行他们的誓愿, 叫他们围绕那间古房而环行。

From the Sunnah

Sahih Muslim 1297 Authentic collection

The point of the hadith: The Prophet ﷺ said: take your rites from me.

Read the Arabic text

حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ خَشْرَمٍ، جَمِيعًا عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ يُونُسَ، - قَالَ ابْنُ خَشْرَمٍ أَخْبَرَنَا عِيسَى، - عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرًا، يَقُولُ رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَرْمِي عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ وَيَقُولُ ‏ "‏ لِتَأْخُذُوا مَنَاسِكَكُمْ فَإِنِّي لاَ أَدْرِي لَعَلِّي لاَ أَحُجُّ بَعْدَ حَجَّتِي هَذِهِ ‏"‏ ‏.‏

Read it on sunnah.com

Jami' at-Tirmidhi 889

The point of the hadith: The Prophet ﷺ said that Hajj is Arafah, and whoever reaches Arafah before the dawn of Muzdalifah has reached the Hajj.

Graded by

  • Ahmad Muhammad Shakir: Sahih
  • Al-Albani: Sahih
  • Zubair Ali Zai: Isnaad Sahih
Read the Arabic text

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَعْمَرَ، أَنَّ نَاسًا، مِنْ أَهْلِ نَجْدٍ أَتَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَهُوَ بِعَرَفَةَ فَسَأَلُوهُ فَأَمَرَ مُنَادِيًا فَنَادَى ‏ "‏ الْحَجُّ عَرَفَةُ مَنْ جَاءَ لَيْلَةَ جَمْعٍ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ فَقَدْ أَدْرَكَ الْحَجَّ أَيَّامُ مِنًى ثَلاَثَةٌ فَمَنْ تَعَجَّلَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ فَلاَ إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ وَمَنْ تَأَخَّرَ فَلاَ إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ وَزَادَ يَحْيَى وَأَرْدَفَ رَجُلاً فَنَادَى

Read it on sunnah.com

This is general information, not a fatwa. For your own situation, ask a qualified scholar.

Fiqh questions

The rites of Hajj in outline

The Prophet ﷺ said: take your rites from me. The main rites are ihram, being at Arafah on the 9th of Dhul-Hijjah, the tawaf of the Kaaba (tawaf al-ifadah) and the sa'i between Safa and Marwa. The Prophet ﷺ said: Hajj is Arafah.

Is this a fatwa?

No. It is a summary of well-known rulings with their evidence. For your own case, ask a qualified scholar.

What if my school differs from this answer?

Follow the view of the school you follow and the scholar who teaches you. The page lists the differences of the four schools.

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